Solar Irradiance Datasets
The total solar irradiance (TSI), which provides the net energy powering the Earth's climate system, has been measured from a series of overlapping radiometrically accurate space-borne instruments giving this uninterrupted record of solar forcing since 1978. Offsets between instruments are due to calibration differences, with the newer instruments being more accurate. The measurements show variations of ~0.1% over the 11-year solar cycle (indicated by the sunspot number plotted in black) and 0.1 to 0.3% on 27-day solar-rotation time periods.
Updated monthly
Data Access
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Hybrid solar reference spectrum — extended NetCDF dataset (115–200,000 nm)
The Extended Hybrid Reference Spectrum (HSRS) spans 115 nm to 200 µm with at least 0.1-nm spectral resolution by combining radiometrically accurate spectral irradiance measurements with high-resolution solar models. Its radiometric scale is tied to the TSIS-1 and SORCE missions. The spectrum is representative of the solar-minimum era between Solar Cycles 24 and 25 in 2020.
Static reference product (version dated 2022-11-30)
Download HSRS dataset (.nc) -
SSI historical reconstruction NetCDF dataset (0.5–200,000 nm)
Updated every 3 months
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TSI historical reconstruction NetCDF dataset
Updated every 3 months
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Solar Irradiance Climate Data Record (CDR) — TSI composite text dataset
View TSI CDR (.txt) -
SOLARIS-HEPPA
TSI datasets used in the CMIP phases.
Updated per CMIP release cycle
Visit SOLARIS-HEPPA data website -
Community consensus TSI composite text dataset
Updated annually
View TSI_Composite-SIST.txt -
Community consensus TSI composite quicklook figure
Updated annually
View TSI_Composite-SIST.png
Community consensus TSI composite (SIST). Updated annually.
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